Open Access

ARTICLE

Iris Liveness Detection Using Fragmental Energy of Haar Transformed Iris Images Using Ensemble of Machine Learning Classifiers

Smita Khade¹, Shilpa Gite^1,2,*, Sudeep D. Thepade³, Biswajeet Pradhan^4,5,*, Abdullah Alamri⁶

1 Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Pune, 412115, India
2 Symbiosis Centre for Applied Artificial Intelligence, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, 412115, India
3 Computer Engineering, Pimpri Chinchwad College of Engineering, Pune, 411044, India
4 Centre for Advanced Modelling and Geospatial Information Systems (CAMGIS), School for Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2007, Australia
5 Earth Observation Center, Institute of Climate Change, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Bangi, Selangor, 43600, Malaysia
6 Department of Geology & Geophysics, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia

* Corresponding Authors: Shilpa Gite. Email: ; Biswajeet Pradhan. Email: