Open Access

ARTICLE

A Consistent Time Level Implementation Preserving Second-Order Time Accuracy via a Framework of Unified Time Integrators in the Discrete Element Approach

Tao Xue¹, Yazhou Wang², Masao Shimada², David Tae², Kumar Tamma^2,*, Xiaobing Zhang^1,*

1 School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, 55455, USA

* Corresponding Authors: Kumar Tamma. Email: ; Xiaobing Zhang. Email: