Open Access

ARTICLE

Three-Dimensional Collapse Analysis for a Shallow Cavity in Layered Strata Based on Upper Bound Theorem

Hongtao Wang^1,2,*, Ping Liu^1,2, Lige Wang^3,4,*, Chi Liu⁵, Xin Zhang^1,2, Luyao Liu^1,2

1 School of Civil Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, China
2 Key Laboratory of Building Structural Retrofitting and Underground Space Engineering (Shandong Jianzhu University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, China
3 Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
4 State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
5 Jinan Rail Transit Group Co., Ltd., Jinan, China

* Corresponding Authors: Hongtao Wang. Email: ; Lige Wang. Email: