Home / Journals / CMES / Vol.123, No.1, 2020
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  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Hybrid LES/URANS Simulation of Rayleigh-Bénard Convection Using BEM

    Primož Kocutar1, *, Jure Ravnik1, Leopold Škerget1
    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.123, No.1, pp. 1-22, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2020.08728
    Abstract In this paper, we develop and test a unified hybrid LES/URANS turbulence model with two different Large Eddy Simulation (LES) turbulence models. The numerical algorithm is based on the Boundary Element Method. In the existing hybrid LES/URANS turbulence model we implemented a new Smagorinsky LES turbulence model. The hybrid LES/URANS turbulence model is unified, which means that the LES/URANS interface is changed dynamically during simulation using a physical quantity. In order to define the interface between LES and unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (URANS) zones during the simulation, we use the Reynolds number based on turbulent kinetic energy as a… More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    A Geometrical Approach to Compute Upper Limb Joint Stiffness

    Davide Piovesan1, *, Roberto Bortoletto2
    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.123, No.1, pp. 23-47, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2020.09231
    (This article belongs to this Special Issue: Computer Methods in Bio-mechanics and Biomedical Engineering)
    Abstract Exoskeletons are designed to control the forces exerted during the physical coupling between the human and the machine. Since the human is an active system, the control of an exoskeleton requires coordinated action between the machine and the load so to obtain a reciprocal adaptation. Humans in the control loop can be modeled as active mechanical loads whose stiffness is continuously changing. The direct measurement of human stiffness is difficult to obtain in real-time, thus posing a significant limitation to the design of wearable robotics controllers. Electromyographic (EMG) recordings can provide an indirect estimation of human muscle force and stiffness,… More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Simulation of Daily Diffuse Solar Radiation Based on Three Machine Learning Models

    Jianhua Dong1, Lifeng Wu2, Xiaogang Liu1, *, Cheng Fan1, Menghui Leng3, Qiliang Yang1
    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.123, No.1, pp. 49-73, 2020, DOI: 10.32604/cmes.2020.09014
    Abstract Solar radiation is an important parameter in the fields of computer modeling, engineering technology and energy development. This paper evaluated the ability of three machine learning models, i.e., Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS), to estimate the daily diffuse solar radiation (Rd). The regular meteorological data of 1966-2015 at five stations in China were taken as the input parameters (including mean average temperature (Ta), theoretical sunshine duration (N), actual sunshine duration (n), daily average air relative humidity (RH), and extra-terrestrial solar radiation (Ra)). And their estimation accuracies were subjected to comparative analysis.… More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Two-Layer Contact Nonlinear Mechanical Analysis of Flexible Drilling Tool in the Wellbore

    Min Luo1, Tingting Xu1, *, Jiajun Jiang2, Xu Chi3, Jing Wang4, Shihua Xue1
    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.123, No.1, pp. 75-100, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2020.09236
    Abstract The lack of research on flexible drilling tool leads to limited application of ultra-short radius horizontal wells. The flexible drilling tool is different from the conventional drilling tool. The flexible drilling pipe involves a mutual transition between the structure and the mechanism during the deformation process. At the same time, the flexible drilling pipe and the eccentric guide tube, the guide tube and the wellbore generate random contact. In this paper, 3-D beam elements, universal joint elements, rigid beam elements and the beam-beam contact elements are combined to establish a two-layer contact nonlinear finite element model of the flexible drilling… More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Effect Mechanisms of Hygrothermal Environments on Failure of Single-Lap and Double-Lap CFRP-Aluminum Bolted Joints

    Meijuan Shan1, 2, Libin Zhao2, *, Wei Huang3, Fengrui Liu2, Jianyu Zhang4, *
    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.123, No.1, pp. 101-127, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2020.09099
    Abstract The high demands for load-carrying capability and structural efficiency of composite-metal bolted joints trigger in-depth investigations on failure mechanisms of the joints in hygrothermal environments. However, few studies have been presented to exhaustively reveal hygrothermal effects on the failure of CFRP-metal bolted joints, which differ from CFRP-CFRP or metal-metal bolted joints because of the remarkably different material properties of CFRPs and metals. In this paper, hygrothermal effects on tensile failures of single-lap and double-lap CFRP-aluminum bolted joints were experimentally and numerically investigated. A novel numerical model, in which a hygrothermal-included progressive damage model of composites was established and elastic-plastic models… More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    A Coupled Cavitation Model in an Oscillatory Oil Squeeze Film

    Xu Liu1, Xiaoyang Chen1, *, Rongyu Kang1, Xuejin Shen1, Ben Ni2
    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.123, No.1, pp. 129-152, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2020.07836
    Abstract In this paper, the oscillatory oil squeeze film is taken as a research object, and a coupled cavitation model based on the theory of bubble dynamics and hydrodynamic lubrication is used and a specific method of numerical calculation is given. Then the parallel-plate squeeze film test apparatus is used to validate the coupled cavitation model. The pictures of the cavitation were captured by a high-speed camera and then processed to obtain the variation of the cavitation area in experiments. Compared with the experimental results, the model can successfully predict the process of generation and development of cavitation. At the same… More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Modeling and Simulation of Valve Cycle in Vein Using an Immersed Finite Element Method

    Xiang Liu1, Liangbo Sun2, Mingzhen Wang3, 4, Bin Li2, Lisheng Liu1, 5, *
    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.123, No.1, pp. 153-183, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2020.08716
    Abstract A vein model was established to simulate the periodic characteristics of blood flow and valve deformation in blood-induced valve cycles. Using an immersed finite element method which was modified by a ghost fluid technique, the interaction between the vein and blood was simulated. With an independent solid solver, the contact force between vein tissues was calculated using an adhesive contact method. A benchmark simulation of the normal valve cycle validated the proposed model for a healthy vein. Both the opening orifice and blood flow rate agreed with those in the physiology. Low blood shear stress and maximum leaflet stress were… More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Closed Solution for Initial Post-Buckling Behavior Analysis of a Composite Beam with Shear Deformation Effect

    Yongping Yu1, Lihui Chen1, Shaopeng Zheng1, Baihui Zeng1, Weipeng Sun2, ∗
    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.123, No.1, pp. 185-200, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2020.07997
    Abstract This paper is focused on the post-buckling behavior of the fixed laminated composite beams with effects of axial compression force and the shear deformation. The analytical solutions are established for the original control equations (that is not simplified) by applying the Maclaurin series expansion, Chebyshev polynomials, the harmonic balance method and the Newton’s method. The validity of the present method is verified via comparing the analytical approximate solutions with the numerical ones which are obtained by the shooting method. The present third analytical approximate solutions can give excellent agreement with the numerical solutions for a wide range of the deformation… More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Towards No-Reference Image Quality Assessment Based on Multi-Scale Convolutional Neural Network

    Yao Ma1, Xibiao Cai1, *, Fuming Sun2
    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.123, No.1, pp. 201-216, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2020.07867
    (This article belongs to this Special Issue: Security Enhancement of Image Recognition System in IoT based Smart Cities)
    Abstract Image quality assessment has become increasingly important in image quality monitoring and reliability assuring of image processing systems. Most of the existing no-reference image quality assessment methods mainly exploit the global information of image while ignoring vital local information. Actually, the introduced distortion depends on a slight difference in details between the distorted image and the non-distorted reference image. In light of this, we propose a no-reference image quality assessment method based on a multi-scale convolutional neural network, which integrates both global information and local information of an image. We first adopt the image pyramid method to generate four scale… More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Numerical Study on the Leakage and Diffusion Characteristics of Low-Solubility and Low-Volatile Dangerous Chemicals from Ship in Inland Rivers

    Shuifen Zhan1, 2, 3, Mingchao Wang2, *, Min Wang5, *, Qianqian Shao4, Zefang Zhang3, Wenxin Jiang2, Xuemin Chen1
    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.123, No.1, pp. 217-235, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2020.08289
    (This article belongs to this Special Issue: Advances in Modeling and Simulation of Complex Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow)
    Abstract Considering the accidents of ships for dangerous chemicals transportation in inland rivers, a numerical method for the simulation of the leakage and diffusion processes of dangerous chemicals in inland rivers is proposed in this paper. Geographic information, such as rivers and buildings in the model, is obtained through Google Earth and structures of rivers and buildings are described by Auto CAD. In addition, the Fluent is adopted to simulate the leakage and diffusion processes of the dangerous chemicals where the standard k-ε model is used to calculate the turbulent flow. Considering the interaction between chemicals and water, the VOF method… More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Numerical Study of the Intensity Correlation between Secondary Flow and Heat Transfer of Circle Tube-Finned Heat Exchanger with Vortex Generators

    Yong Guan1, Wanling Hu1, 2, *, Yun Zhang1, Kewei Song2, 3, Liangbi Wang2, 3
    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.123, No.1, pp. 237-256, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2020.09141
    (This article belongs to this Special Issue: Advances in Modeling and Simulation of Complex Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow)
    Abstract The application of vortex generators in tube-finned heat exchangers is very universal. The vortex generators can generate secondary flow, and as we all know secondary flow can obviously strengthen heat transfer. To use vortex generators much more efficiently in the circle tube-finned heat exchangers, the intensity correlation study between secondary flow and heat transfer is needed. 22 different structures of circle tubefinned heat exchangers were numerically studied, including the plain fin cases and the cases with vortex generators. In addition, the influence of fin spacing, transverse and longitudinal tube pitch, heights and attack angle of vortex generators, positions of vortex… More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Seismic Analysis of the Connections of Buried Segmented Pipes

    Wei Liu1, 2, *, Zhaoyang Song2, Yunchang Wang2
    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.123, No.1, pp. 257-282, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2020.07220
    (This article belongs to this Special Issue: Numerical Modeling and Simulation for Structural Safety and Disaster Mitigation)
    Abstract Seismic analysis of buried pipes has been one study focus during the last decades, but the systematic seismic research of pipe connections, especially its relationship with the connected straight pipe, is nearly blank. On the basis, the influence of pipe connections on the joint deformations (JDs) of buried segmented pipes is analyzed in detail by considering different parameters, namely, connection shapes, ground conditions, pipe diameters, branch angles, seismic incident angles, and input ground motions. Moreover, an influence coefficient, which measures the influence of pipe connections on pipe JDs, is calculated. Results show that pipe connections can reduce the JDs of… More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Experimental and Numerical Investigation on the Tensile Fracture of Compacted Clay

    Chengbao Hu1, 2, 3, Liang Wang4, Daosheng Ling1, 2, 3, *, Wujun Cai5, Zhijie Huang1, 2, Shilin Gong1, 2, 3
    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.123, No.1, pp. 283-307, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2020.07842
    (This article belongs to this Special Issue: Numerical Modeling and Simulation for Structural Safety and Disaster Mitigation)
    Abstract This paper performed flexural test and numerical simulation of clay-beams with different water contents to study the tensile fracture of clay soil and the relevant mechanisms. The crack initiation and propagation process and the accompanied strain localization behaviors were all clearly observed and analyzed. The exponential cohesive zone model was proposed to simulate the crack interface behavior of the cohesivefrictional materials. The experimental results show that the bending capacity of claybeams decrease with the water content, while those of the crack mouth opening displacement, crack-tip strain and the strain localization range increase. The numerical predictions successfully reproduce the evolving tensile… More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    A Comprehensive Model for Structural Non-Probabilistic Reliability and the Key Algorithms

    Wencai Sun1, ∗, Zichun Yang1
    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.123, No.1, pp. 309-332, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2020.08386
    (This article belongs to this Special Issue: Numerical Modeling and Simulation for Structural Safety and Disaster Mitigation)
    Abstract It is very difficult to know the exact boundaries of the variable domain for problems with small sample size, and the traditional convex set model is no longer applicable. In view of this, a novel reliability model was proposed on the basis of the fuzzy convex set (FCS) model. This new reliability model can account for different relations between the structural failure region and variable domain. Key computational algorithms were studied in detail. First, the optimization strategy for robust reliability is improved. Second, Monte Carlo algorithms (i.e., uniform sampling method) for hyper-ellipsoidal convex sets were studied in detail, and errors… More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Modelling of Energy Storage Photonic Medium by WavelengthBased Multivariable Second-Order Differential Equation

    T. Binesh1, *
    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.123, No.1, pp. 333-351, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2020.08097
    (This article belongs to this Special Issue: Numerical Methods for Differential and Integral Equations)
    Abstract Wavelength-dependent mathematical modelling of the differential energy change of a photon has been performed inside a proposed hypothetical optical medium. The existence of this medium demands certain mathematical constraints, which have been derived in detail. Using reverse modelling, a medium satisfying the derived conditions is proven to store energy as the photon propagates from the entry to exit point. A single photon with a given intensity is considered in the analysis and hypothesized to possess a definite non-zero probability of maintaining its energy and velocity functions analytic inside the proposed optical medium, despite scattering, absorption, fluorescence, heat generation, and other… More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    On Caputo-Type Cable Equation: Analysis and Computation

    Zhen Wang1, *
    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.123, No.1, pp. 353-376, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2020.08776
    (This article belongs to this Special Issue: Numerical Methods for Differential and Integral Equations)
    Abstract In this paper, a special case of nonlinear time fractional cable equation is studied. For the equation defined on a bounded domain, the existence, uniqueness, and regularity of the solution are firstly studied. Furthermore, it is numerically studied via the weighted and shifted Grünwald difference (WSGD) methods/the local discontinuous Galerkin (LDG) finite element methods. The derived numerical scheme has been proved to be stable and convergent with order O(∆t2 + hk+1), where ∆t, h, k are the time stepsize, the spatial stepsize, and the degree of piecewise polynomials, respectively. Finally, a numerical experiment is presented to verify the theoretical analysis. More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Fractional Analysis of Viscous Fluid Flow with Heat and Mass Transfer Over a Flexible Rotating Disk

    Muhammad Shuaib1, Muhammad Bilal1, Muhammad Altaf Khan2, *, Sharaf J. Malebary3
    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.123, No.1, pp. 377-400, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2020.08076
    (This article belongs to this Special Issue: Numerical Methods for Differential and Integral Equations)
    Abstract An unsteady viscous fluid flow with Dufour and Soret effect, which results in heat and mass transfer due to upward and downward motion of flexible rotating disk, has been studied. The upward or downward motion of non rotating disk results in two dimensional flow, while the vertical action and rotation of the disk results in three dimensional flow. By using an appropriate transformation the governing equations are transformed into the system of ordinary differential equations. The system of ordinary differential equations is further converted into first order differential equation by selecting suitable variables. Then, we generalize the model by using… More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Automatic Sleep Staging Algorithm Based on Random Forest and Hidden Markov Model

    Junbiao Liu1, 6, Duanpo Wu2, 3, Zimeng Wang2, Xinyu Jin1, *, Fang Dong4, Lurong Jiang5, Chenyi Cai6
    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.123, No.1, pp. 401-426, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2020.08731
    (This article belongs to this Special Issue: Computer Methods in Bio-mechanics and Biomedical Engineering)
    Abstract In the field of medical informatics, sleep staging is a challenging and timeconsuming task undertaken by sleep experts. According to the new standard of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM), the stages of sleep are divided into wakefulness (W), rapid eye movement (REM) and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) which includes three sleep stages (N1, N2 and N3) that describe the depth of sleep. This study aims to establish an automatic sleep staging algorithm based on the improved weighted random forest (WRF) and Hidden Markov Model (HMM) using only the features extracted from double-channel EEG signals. The WRF classification model… More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    A Joint Delay-and-Sum and Fourier Beamforming Method for High Frame Rate Ultrasound Imaging

    Wei Zhao1, 2, Shuai Feng1, Yadan Wang1, Yuanguo Wang1, Zhihui Han1, Hu Peng1, *
    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.123, No.1, pp. 427-440, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2020.09387
    (This article belongs to this Special Issue: Computer Methods in Bio-mechanics and Biomedical Engineering)
    Abstract Frame rate is an important metric for ultrasound imaging systems, and high frame rates (HFR) benefit moving-target imaging. One common way to obtain HFR imaging is to transmit a plane wave. Delay-and-sum (DAS) beamformer is a conventional beamforming algorithm, which is simple and has been widely implemented in clinical application. Fourier beamforming is an alternative method for HFR imaging and has high levels of imaging efficiency, imaging speed, and good temporal dynamic characteristics. Nevertheless, the resolution and contrast performance of HFR imaging based on DAS or Fourier beamforming are insufficient due to the single plane wave transmission. To address this… More >

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