Home / Journals / CMES / Vol.112, No.1, 2016
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  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Are “Higher-Order” and “Layer-wise Zig-Zag” Plate & Shell Theories Necessary for Functionally Graded Materials and Structures?

    Yaping Zhang1, Qifeng Fan2, Leiting Dong2,3, Satya N. Atluri4
    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.112, No.1, pp. 1-32, 2016, DOI:10.3970/cmes.2016.112.001
    Abstract Similar to the very vast prior literature on analyzing laminated composite structures, "higher-order" and "layer-wise higher-order" plate and shell theories for functionally-graded (FG) materials and structures are also widely popularized in the literature of the past two decades. However, such higher-order theories involve (1) postulating very complex assumptions for plate/shell kinematics in the thickness direction, (2) defining generalized variables of displacements, strains, and stresses, and (3) developing very complex governing equilibrium, compatibility, and constitutive equations in terms of newly-defined generalized kinematic and generalized kinetic variables. Their industrial applications are thus hindered by their inherent complexity,… More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    A Finite Element Procedure for Analysis of Chemo-Mechanical Coupling Behavior of Hydrogels

    Wei Wei1,2, Qingsheng Yang1,3
    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.112, No.1, pp. 33-58, 2016, DOI:10.3970/cmes.2016.112.033
    Abstract Chemo-mechanical coupling behavior of materials is a transformation process between mechanical and chemical energy. In this paper, based on the coupled chemo-mechanical constitutive equations and governing equations during isothermal process, the equivalent integral forms of chemo-mechanical coupling governing equations and corresponding finite element procedure are obtained by using Hamilton's principle. An isoparametric plane element for chemo-mechanical coupling is associated into ABAQUS finite element package through user element subroutine UEL. The numerical examples exhibit that the ionic concentration variation can cause mechanical deformation and mechanical action can produce redistribution of ionic concentration for hydrogels. It is More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Applying a Step Approach Method in Solving the Multi-Frequency Radiation From a Complex Obstacle

    Jui-Hsiang Kao1
    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.112, No.1, pp. 59-73, 2016, DOI:10.3970/cmes.2016.112.059
    Abstract In this paper, a step approach method in the time domain is developed to calculate the radiated waves from an arbitrary obstacle pulsating with multiple frequencies. The computing scheme is based on the Boundary Integral Equation and derived in the time domain; thus, the time-harmonic Neumann boundary condition can be imposed. By the present method, the values of the initial conditions are set to zero, and the approach process is carried forward in a loop from the first time step to the last. At each time step, the radiated pressure on each element is updated. More >

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