TY - EJOU AU - Hamada, S. TI - Voxel-based Analysis of Electrostatic Fields in Virtual-human Model Duke using Indirect Boundary Element Method with Fast Multipole Method T2 - Computer Modeling in Engineering \& Sciences PY - 2014 VL - 102 IS - 5 SN - 1526-1506 AB - The voxel-based indirect boundary element method (IBEM) combined with the Laplace-kernel fast multipole method (FMM) is capable of analyzing relatively large-scale problems. A typical application of the IBEM is the electric field analysis in virtual-human models such as the model called Duke provided by the foundation for research on information technologies in society (IT’IS Foundation). An important property of voxel-version Duke models is that they have various voxel sizes but the same structural feature. This property is useful for examining the O(N) and O(D2) dependencies of the calculation times and the amount of memory required by the FMM-IBEM, where N and D are the number of boundary elements and the reciprocal of the voxel-side length, respectively. In this paper, the dependencies were confirmed by analyzing Duke models with voxel-side lengths of 5.0, 2.0, 1.0, and 0.5 mm. The finest model had 2.2 billion voxels and 61 million square elements. In addition, a technique that improves the convergence performance of the linear equation solver by considering the non-uniqueness of the electric potential is proposed, and its effectiveness is demonstrated. KW - Voxel-based analysis KW - electrostatic field KW - eddy current KW - indirect boundary element method KW - virtual-human model KW - fast multipole method DO - 10.3970/cmes.2014.102.407