Enhanced Fault Detection and Diagnosis in Photovoltaic Arrays Using a Hybrid NCA-CNN Model

Umit Cigdem Turhal¹, Yasemin Onal^1,*, Kutalmis Turhal²
1 Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, Bilecik, 11210, Turkey
2 Biosystem Engineering Department, Agriculture and Natural Sciences Faculty, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, Bilecik, 11210, Turkey
* Corresponding Author: Yasemin Onal. Email: email
(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advanced Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Methods Applied to Energy Systems)

Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences https://doi.org/10.32604/cmes.2025.064269

Received 10 February 2025; Accepted 27 March 2025; Published online 10 April 2025

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Abstract

The reliability and efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) systems are essential for sustainable energy production, requiring accurate fault detection to minimize energy losses. This study proposes a hybrid model integrating Neighborhood Components Analysis (NCA) with a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to improve fault detection and diagnosis. Unlike Principal Component Analysis (PCA), which may compromise class relationships during feature extraction, NCA preserves these relationships, enhancing classification performance. The hybrid model combines NCA with CNN, a fundamental deep learning architecture, to enhance fault detection and diagnosis capabilities. The performance of the proposed NCA-CNN model was evaluated against other models. The experimental evaluation demonstrates that the NCA-CNN model outperforms existing methods, achieving 100% fault detection accuracy and 99% fault diagnosis accuracy. These findings underscore the model’s potential in improving PV system reliability and efficiency.

Graphical Abstract

Enhanced Fault Detection and Diagnosis in Photovoltaic Arrays Using a Hybrid NCA-CNN Model

Keywords

Artificial intelligence; photovoltaic energy systems; machine learning; photovoltaic fault detection and diagnosis; convolutional neural networks (CNN); neighbourhood component analysis (NCA)