In this study, we employ a semi-analytical scheme to resolve the three-dimensional backward heat conduction problem (BHCP) by utilizing a quasi-bound -ary concept. First, the Fourier series expansion method is used to estimate the temperature field u(x, y, z, t) at any time t < T. Second, we ponder a direct regularization by adding an extra term a(x, y, z, 0) to transform a second-kind Fredholm integral equation for u(x, y, z, 0). The termwise separable property of the kernel function allows us to acquire a closed-form regularized solution. In addition, a tactic to determine the regularization parameter is recommended. We find that the proposed method is robust and applicable to the three-dimensional BHCP when several numerical experiments are examined.
C. Chang, "A new quasi-boundary scheme for three-dimensional backward heat conduction problems," Computers, Materials & Continua, vol. 24, no.3, pp. 209–238, 2011. https://doi.org/10.3970/cmc.2011.024.209
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